Examine the following set of ionization energy values for a certain element. How many valence electrons…

Concept and reason

The concept used is to identify the number of valence electrons present in the neutral atom of the certain element.

Fundamentals

1.

Given,

$\begin{array}{l}\\{E_{i1}} = 1012{\rm{ kJ/mol}}\\\\{E_{i2}} = 1903{\rm{ kJ/mol}}\\\\{E_{i3}} = 2912{\rm{ kJ/mol}}\\\\{E_{i4}} = 4956{\rm{ kJ/mol}}\\\\{E_{i5}} = 6273{\rm{ kJ/mol}}\\\\{E_{i6}} = 22233{\rm{ kJ/mol}}\\\\{E_{i7}} = 25997{\rm{ kJ/mol}}\\\end{array}$

Ei1​=1012kJ/molEi2​=1903kJ/molEi3​=2912kJ/molEi4​=4956kJ/molEi5​=6273kJ/molEi6​=22233kJ/molEi7​=25997kJ/mol​

The difference between the first and second ionization energies is calculated as follows:

$\begin{array}{l}\\\Delta {E_{i1 – 2}} = updating{\rm{ kJ/mol}}\\\\{\rm{ = 891 kJ/mol}}\\\end{array}$

ΔEi1−2​=1903−1012kJ/mol=891kJ/mol​

The difference between the second and third ionization energies is calculated as follows:

$\begin{array}{l}\\\Delta {E_{i2 – 3}} = updating{\rm{ kJ/mol}}\\\\{\rm{ = 1009 kJ/mol}}\\\end{array}$

ΔEi2−3​=2912−1903kJ/mol=1009kJ/mol​

The difference between the third and fourth ionization energies is calculated as follows:

$\begin{array}{l}\\\Delta {E_{i3 – 4}} = updating{\rm{ kJ/mol}}\\\\{\rm{ = 2044 kJ/mol}}\\\end{array}$

ΔEi3−4​=4956−2912kJ/mol=2044kJ/mol​

The difference between the fourth and fifth ionization energies is calculated as follows:

$\begin{array}{l}\\\Delta {E_{i4 – 5}} = updating{\rm{ kJ/mol}}\\\\{\rm{ = 1317 kJ/mol}}\\\end{array}$

ΔEi4−5​=6273−4956kJ/mol=1317kJ/mol​

The difference between the fifth and sixth ionization energies is calculated as follows:

$\begin{array}{l}\\\Delta {E_{i5 – 6}} = updating{\rm{ kJ/mol}}\\\\{\rm{ = 15960 kJ/mol}}\\\end{array}$

ΔEi5−6​=22233−6273kJ/mol=15960kJ/mol​

The difference between the sixth and seventh ionization energies is calculated as follows:

$\begin{array}{l}\\\Delta {E_{i6 – 7}} = updating{\rm{ kJ/mol}}\\\\{\rm{ = 3764 kJ/mol}}\\\end{array}$

ΔEi6−7​=25997−22233kJ/mol=3764kJ/mol​

The largest difference between two successive ionization energies is between the

${E_{i5}}$

Ei5​ and

${E_{i6}}$

Ei6​ .

Hence, there are five valence electrons.

Ans: Part 1

Therefore, there are five valence electrons in the atom of the given neutral element.